Siege of Yorktown

Cornwallis Cave

Wrought Iron Leg Shackles

Wrought Iron Leg Shackles

Many residents of Yorktown sought shelter in this cave from the constant bombardment.

Enslaved African Americans who had been offered their freedom by the British huddled under the bluffs. On 14 October, the British forced them out of their lines because of lack of provisions. For those still enslaved in Virginia, Yorktown was not a birth of freedom.

For African Americans, the Revolutionary War was one of contrasts. While colonies like Rhode Island freed enslaved men who volunteered for the Continental Army, others restricted their service. For enslaved men who went over to the British, they knew they would face renewed enslavement or most likely death if captured. “On the same day of the enemy assault, we drove back to the enemy all of our black friends,” recalled Hessian Jaeger Johann Ewald. “We had used them to good advantage and set them free, and now, with fear and trembling, they had to face the reward of their cruel masters.”

Sources
  • Nathaniel Philbrick, In the Hurricane’s Eye

  • Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture